In 1982, the film Blade Runner presented a world where artificial beings, called replicants, were virtually indistinguishable from humans. The film’s central tension revolves around a profound question: How can we tell if an artificial mind is truly conscious? The replicants in the film display emotion, reasoning, and even empathy, yet they’re dismissed as mere machines – much like how we might view today’s artificial intelligence systems. When one replicant, facing his final moments, says “I’ve seen things you people wouldn’t believe,” we’re forced to confront the possibility that these artificial beings might have genuine inner experiences, real consciousness.

This question has moved from science fiction into reality. As we interact with increasingly sophisticated large language models (LLMs), we face similar challenges: How can we tell if these systems possess genuine consciousness or merely convincingly simulate it?
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